THE ONLINE GREEK NEW TESTAMENT PARSING CODES FOR VERB-RELATED FORMS Derived from Perschbacher's "New Analytical Greek Lexicon" and abbreviated in a form similar to that found in Friberg's "Analytical Greek New Testament" Maurice A. Robinson 21 March 1996 The codes which follow reflect an original abridgment and correction of the parsing codes utilized in Wesley J. Perschbacher, _The New Analytical Greek Lexicon_ (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1990), which volume is itself an updated and corrected revision of the original _Analytical Greek Lexicon_ by Samuel Davidson (London: Samuel Bagster and Sons, 1859). The abbreviation system herein utilized, although developed independently, retains features similar to those found in Timothy and Barbara Friberg _The Analytical Greek New Testament_ (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1981), and can be used with ease by anyone familiar with with either the Davidson, Perschbacher, or Friberg volumes. Many non-verbal New Testament Greek forms (e.g., nouns, adjectives, conjunctions, prepositions, and particles) can be declined in more than one manner. Following the example of Davidson and Perschbacher, the declensions given reflect only those forms which actually occur in the Greek New Testament. The present verbal codes exhaustively cover every possible verb parsing situation cited by Perschbacher, and reflect the totality of forms used in the Online Bible Greek module for verb parsings. The present parsing list makes no claim to errorlessness; should the user discover any errors in either the parsing/declension codes or Strong's numbers while using the Online Bible, please inform the present editor c/o SEBTS, P.O. Box 1889, Wake Forest, NC 27588. All Greek verbs are listed in one of three various forms: 1) V-tense-voice-mood 2) V-tense-voice-mood-person-number 3) V-tense-voice-mood-case-number-gender The abbreviations which pertain to each of these categories are the following: Tense: P = Present I = Imperfect F = Future Second Future = 2F A = Aorist Second Aorist = 2A R = peRfect Second peRfect = 2R L = pLuperfect Second pLuperfect = 2L X = adverbial imperative Voice: A = Active M = Middle P = Passive E = Either middle or passive D = middle Deponent O = passive depOnent N = middle or passive depoNent Q = impersonal active X = no voice stated Mood: I = Indicative S = Subjunctive O = Optative M = iMperative N = iNfinitive P = Participle R = impeRative-sense participle Extra: -M = Middle significance -C = Contracted form -T = Transitive -A = Aeolic -ATT = Attic -AP = Apocopated form -IRR = Irregular or Impure form Person: 1, 2, 3 = First, Second, Third person Number: S, P = Singular, Plural Gender: M, F, N = Masculine, Feminine, Neuter Case: N = Nominative (5-case system only!) G = Genitive D = Dative A = Accusative V = Vocative SEARCHING FOR WORDS USING THE PARSING CODES: All parsing and declension code information for the Online Bible Greek text is supplied in CAPITAL letters whereas the Greek text appears entirely in lower case letters. The Online Bible search routine allows case-sensitive searching, so that one can easily use lower case to search for Greek words only (with or without wildcards), and upper case to search by parsing or declension only (also with or without wildcards). Using Boolean search captabilities, one can combine lower and upper case search requests to select specific Greek forms in association with specified parsing or declension information. Note that in order to search across hyphenated sections of the parsing (e.g., for V-PAI-3S), one must make a "phrase search" request, since the Online Bible disregards hyphens in its search routine. Thus, to search for V-PAI-3S, the request must be specific for either the phrase "V PAI 3S" or "V-PAI-3S". Note that, even though one could search for all the forms of "legw" by "leg* | eleg*", or for all Present Active Indicative forms by "PAI", in order to link a word directly with its own particular parsing, a fully inclusive PHRASE SEARCH must be requested which indicates the preliminary part-of-speech identifier (V-, N-, or A-) when appropriate. E.g., to search for all the Present Active Indicative forms of "legw" one would have to request a phrase search for search for "leg* V-PAI". Note that the Strong's numbers may also be judiciously utilized when making search requests to reduce the amount of time and space needed to otherwise frame such a request. E.g., one equally could do a phrase search for all Present Indicative Active forms of "legw" by "3004 V-PAI" To search for phrases based solely on grammatical analysis (e.g., for all prepositional phrases followed by an articular neuter genitive noun), one must use the wildcard (*) symbol before each requested parsing in a phrase search request (e.g., "* PREP * T-GSN * N-GSN"). Special note: the so called "Second" forms of the Aorist, Future, Perfect and Pluperfect are respectively designated as 2A, 2F, 2P and 2L preceding the voice and mood designations. Functionally, however, these forms are equivalent to the otherwise undesignated (First) Aorist, Future, Perfect, and Pluperfect forms. Search requests which expect to take in BOTH the first and second forms of either the Aorist, Future, Perfect or Pluperfect tenses MUST be prefixed with an asterisk (*). Failure to use the wildcard prefix will result in the second tense forms NOT being found. Example: to search for all Perfect Active Indicative forms (i.e., both RAI and 2RAI), the wildcard form *RAI should be used. Similarly, to search for all Aorist Active Subjunctive forms, (i.e., AAS and 2AAS), the wildcard form *AAS should be used. STRONG'S NUMBERS: For access to the lexical definitions of the root form of each Greek word, the appropriate Strong's concordance number has been added immediately following each Greek word. The definition of that word can then be ascertained by following the normal Online Bible F4 key or definition function as found in English-language based texts. The user should be cautioned, however, that the Strong's numbers utilized for the Greek New Testament are NOT always identical with those used in coding the English version text. The reason for this discrepancy is simple: James Strong was attempting to help out the lay reader of the Authorized Version in assigning numbers to each unique word root form. For some reason, he then decided that the user might be additionally aided if certain words (e.g., the verb "to be", or comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs) were further subdivided into uniquely-numbered forms; or, conversely, if frequent expressions comprising more than one word (e.g. "ou mh") were subsumed under a single number, rather than giving the usual separate numbers to such forms. Thus, the Strong's apparatus -- well-suited as it may be for use of the concordance he produced, as well as to aid the English reader who does not know Greek -- is quite confusing and detrimental to the student who might seek to use the same numbers for understanding the root forms of the Greek New Testament. In order to eliminate the various problems which would otherwise arise from an incautious use of Strong's numbers as originally provided for the English Bible, the present Greek edition of the Online Bible has reduced the Strong's numbers considerably so as to guide the user directly to the root form of most Greek words, without adding in the extra step of having further to enquire via the lexicon as to the component or root forms of such words. This revision of the Strong's numbers for the Greek text of the New Testament is not yet complete. Future editions of the Online Bible Greek text will eventually bring all Strong's numbers into conformity with the principle of providing only the base root form for all Greek New Testament words. The user's patience is requested during this period of development. ADDITIONAL NOTE REGARDING THE VARIOUS FORMS OF THE VERB "TO BE" Strong's Concordance at times gives separate numbers to various forms of the verb "to be". All of these properly derive from "eimi" (1510) alone. Perschbacher gives both numbers: the separate Strong's number in the left margin and the root number in the right margin. For the present time the Online Bible has retained Strong's number in these cases, even though Strong's own lexicon entry indicates the proper derivation from the root form 1510. Since accents and breathings are not provided within the Online Bible Greek text, some forms will appear identical even though they possess different parsings or declensions. Within the forms of the verb "to be" the following cases specifically should be noted: The verb form "h" (3s-pxs of 1510, numbered 2229 by Strong) occurs infrequently, while the definite article, relative pronoun, and disjunctive particle forms of "h" dominate within the Greek NT. The verb form "ei" (2s-pxi of 1510) also occurs (in the absence of accents and breathings) as a conditional particle, in fact, most frequently so. The verb form "hn" (3s-ixi of 1510) occurs also as a relative pronoun. However, the verb form is dominant within the Greek NT. The verb form "wsin" is not from 5607 (participle), but is a subjunctive of (1510). Note also that "wsin" may be a pluarl noun form of 3775. Of particular note: the verb form "hv" stems from 1510 if it is a present subjunctive, but from 2229 if it is an imperfect indicative. SAMPLE OF CURRENT CODING AS APPLIED: Perschbacher: Online Bible: ------------- ------------- agayopoihsai (15) aor.act.inf. AAN <15> agayopoihte (15) 2 pers.pl.pres.act.subj. 2P-PAS <15> agayopoiountav (17) acc.pl.m.pres.act.part. APM-PAP <17> -end of file-